As health professionals working with older adults, promoting good nutrition to prevent falls is essential. Addressing factors like protein intake, vitamin D levels, hydration, and alcohol consumption can support physical and cognitive function, reducing the risk of falls.
Muscle Strength
Muscle mass naturally declines with age. Not consuming the recommended amount of nutrients can lead to muscle loss, and many factors must be considered when addressing the underlying causes of poor nutrition. For example, older adults may experience reduced appetite, swallowing difficulties, social isolation, or difficulties digesting key nutrients such as protein, calcium, and Vitamin D.
Consuming an energy-dense and nutritious diet can help older adults maintain their strength and independence and reduce their risk of falling. Poor nutrition can cause health effects such as dizziness, weakness, light-headedness, reduced concentration, and headaches, increasing their risk of falling.
Bone Health
Vitamin D and calcium play critical roles in maintaining bone density, which is essential for reducing the risk of fractures during a fall. Older adults are often at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency due to reduced sun exposure and changes in metabolism. Health professionals should screen for vitamin D levels and recommend fortified foods, supplements, or safe sun exposure practices to ensure adequate intake. The safe amount of daily sun exposure that individuals require depends on factors such as the individual’s skin colour, geographical location and season.
Hydration and Cognitive Function
Dehydration can lead to dizziness, confusion, and impaired coordination, significantly increasing the risk of falls. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to dehydration due to reduced thirst sensations and changes in kidney function. It’s important to educate older adults about the importance of regular fluid intake, with a focus on water and hydrating foods like fruits and vegetables. Addressing hydration can also support better cognitive function, further reducing fall risk.
Alcohol and falls
Alcohol impairs an individual’s physical coordination, balance, risk perception, and decision-making. Due to the physiological changes associated with ageing, the presence of co-morbid conditions, and the consumption of medications, older adults, in particular, are vulnerable to the effects of alcohol, and therefore, alcohol consumption should be reduced.
How can I assist older adults to fuel their body?
Encourage older adults to fuel their bodies by:
- Eating regular meals with a variety of foods from all five food groups
- Drinking more water and staying hydrated
- Drinking less alcohol